| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Robert Desimone ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Robert Desimone
Robert Desimone is the director of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and the Doris and Don Berkey Professor of Neuroscience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The McGovern Institute was founded at MIT by Patrick Joseph McGovern and Lore Harp McGovern with a dual mission of conducting basic research on the mind and brain and applying that knowledge to help the many people suffering from brain disorders. Prior to joining the McGovern Institute in 2004, Robert Desimone was the director of intramural research at the National Institute of Mental Health. He is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences and is recognized for his research on the brain mechanisms that underlie visual perception, attention, and executive control.〔New Yorker, Attention, by Alan Lightman, Oct 1 2014〕 At the McGovern Institute, he is promoting the development of systems neuroscience, novel neuroscience technologies, and the translation of basic research findings into new treatments that improve human health, including new approaches to brain disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.〔Brain Scan: Newsletter of the McGovern Institute for Brain research Issue no. 9 (Summer 2008)()〕〔MIT Technology Review, A Turning Point, December 18, 2014〕 He sits on the boards of directors of the three McGovern Institutes in China, at Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Beijing Normal University. At the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), he and his colleagues Guoping Feng, Feng Zhang, and Liping Wang have started a center to create new animal genetic models for brain disorders.〔(SIAT media report )〕 In 2014 and 2015, Desimone was featured as an international guest judge on ''The Brain'', a highly popular televised competition of unique mental skills in China.
==Research==
As a graduate student at Princeton, Desimone and his thesis supervisor Charles Gross were the first to publish data that neurons that respond specifically to faces.〔J Neurophysiol. 1981 Aug;46(2):369-384〕〔J Neurosci. 1984 2051-62〕 At NIMH, he described the physiological properties 〔J. Neurophysiol. 1987 57(3):835-68〕 of neurons in extrastriate visual cortex, and he and Leslie Ungerleider mapped the topographic organization and anatomical connections 〔J Comp Neurol. 1986 248(2):164-89〕 of many new cortical visual areas. With Earl Miller, he first discovered a physiological basis for recency memory (repetition suppression) and working memory in inferior temporal cortex.〔Science. 1994 263(5146):520-2〕 He reported the first evidence for the role of attention in modulating the neuronal properties of areas in the ventral stream,〔Science. 1988 240(4850):338-40〕 and he and John Duncan proposed a Biased Competition Theory to explain many aspects of attention control.〔Annu Rev Neurosci. 1995 18:193-222〕 With John Reynolds, he proposed a quantitative model of biased competition to explain the effects of attention on neurons, which is formally a normalization model.〔J. Neurosci. 1999 19(5):1736-53〕 With Pascal Fries, he first described the effects of attention on synchronized activity in extrastriate cortex,〔Science. 2001 291(5508):1560-3〕 and he later found that synchronized activity between extrastriate cortex and prefrontal cortex is a mechanistic feature of selective attention 〔Science. 2009 324(5931):1207-10〕〔Science. 2014 344(6182):424-7.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Robert Desimone」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|